Section 45

Liability of abettor for effect caused by act abetted different from that intended by abettor

When an act is abetted with the intention on the part of the abettor of causing a particular effect, and an act for which the abettor is liable in consequence of the abetment causes a different effect from that intended by the abettor, the abettor is liable for the effect caused in the same manner and to the same extent as if he had abetted the act with the intention of causing that effect, provided he knew that the act abetted was likely to cause that effect.

Illustration

A instigates B to teach any matter relating to the religion of Islam without written approval from the Majlis. B, in consequence of the instigation takes the opportunity to bring into contempt the religion of Islam. Here, if A knows that teaching any matter relating to the religion of Islam without written approval from the Majlis which he abets will amount to bringing into contempt the teaching of the religion of Islam, A is liable for punishment of bringing into contempt the teaching of the religion of Islam.